Archaeologies of the Clandestinity. A Review of the Works Carried Out at the Clandestine Detention Centers of the Last Military Dictatorship in Argentina

Authors

  • Melisa A. Salerno CONICET
  • Andrés Zarankin Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
  • María Celeste Perosino CONICET

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v1i2.19

Keywords:

clandestine detention centers, Argentina, Military dictatorship, Archaeology

Abstract

Between 1976 and 1983, Argentina suffered under a military dictatorship that employed enforced disappearance as one of its main weapons to silence all forms of opposition. Clandestine detention centers played a key role in the strategy of disappearance: people illegally detained where taken there, subjected to all kinds of torture and –frequently– murdered. Since the return of democracy, but especially in the last decade, some archaeologists became interested in understanding what happened in those places. In this article we offer an overview of the works conducted by archaeologists in Argentinean former centers of detention, torture and extermination. We have multiple goals: contextualize the history and development of the investigations; discuss the relationship of archaeologists with other social actors (including civil servants, survivors, victims’ relatives, society as a whole); present their main lines of inquiry (search and identification of the bodies, analysis of the materiality of space and objects); consider some emblematic projects that allow understanding the diversity of activities conducted and the results obtained.

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Author Biographies

Melisa A. Salerno, CONICET

Melisa A. Salerno es arqueóloga, y actualmente se desempeña como becaria postdoctoral en el Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas –Argentina). Realizó su licenciatura en Ciencias Antropológicas (con especialidad en Arqueología) en la Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina). En 2011 concluyó su doctorado en la misma institución. Ha publicado diversos libros, así como artículos en revistas argentinas e internacionales. Sus temas de interés son arqueología histórica, corporeidad, identidad, persona, arqueología antártica, represión política.

Andrés Zarankin, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Andrés Zarankin es arqueólogo, profesor titular y jefe del Departamento de Sociología y Antropología de la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais (Brasil). Posee graduación en Antropología por la Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina), Especialización en Historia y Crítica de la Arquitectura por la misma universidad y Doctorado en Historia por la Unicamp (Brasil). Es editor responsable (junto al Prof. Carlos Magno Guimarães) de Vestígios: Revista Latino-Americana de Arqueología Histórica. Ha publicado diversos libros en varios países, así como artículos en revistas nacionales e internacionales. Sus temas de trabajo son teoría arqueológica, arqueología histórica, arqueología de la arquitectura, arqueología de la represión y arqueología antártica.

María Celeste Perosino, CONICET

María Celeste Perosino es antropóloga, y actualmente se desempeña como becaria doctoral del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina). Realizó su licenciatura en Ciencias Antropológicas (con especialidad en Arqueología) en la Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Es magister en Ética Biomédica por la Universidad Católica (Buenos Aires), y candidata doctoral en Filosofía por la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Sus temas de interés son represión política, bioética, identidad, corporeidad, muerte.

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2015-07-29

How to Cite

Salerno, M. A., Zarankin, A., & Perosino, M. C. (2015). Archaeologies of the Clandestinity. A Review of the Works Carried Out at the Clandestine Detention Centers of the Last Military Dictatorship in Argentina. Revista Universitaria De Historia Militar, 1(2), 49–84. https://doi.org/10.53351/ruhm.v1i2.19

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 2 (2012): Arqueología y conflicto

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Dossier

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    3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

  1. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;
  2. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and
  3. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

  1. Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.
  2. To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.
  1. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 – Term and Termination.

  1. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

  2. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

    1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or
    2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.
    For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.
  3. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.
  4. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.

  1. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.
  2. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 – Interpretation.

  1. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.
  2. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.
  3. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.
  4. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.

Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark “Creative Commons” or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.